The elongated nine-story building visually “holds” the intersection of ChilanZar Street with the Small Ring Road (formerly Farhod Street). The rectangular volume of the main building is combined with a round conference hall, connected by a gallery. The thoracic surgery building was constructed in 1975. Architects — O. Gaazenkopf and M. Kondakova; engineers — A. Tuniyants, A. Asanov, and A. Krakov.

Architecture historian B. Chukhovich notes that the design of the medical facility began back in 1965, before the earthquake, and the project changed its outlines multiple times. During the years of independence, the end facade of the building was clad in aluсobond, which hardly altered its overall appearance.

In 2024, by a resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers, the Research Institute of Thoracic Surgery, along with nine other objects from the modernist era, was included in the National List of Real Estate Objects of Tangible Cultural Heritage of Uzbekistan.